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The city and the crowd

Walter Benjamin in On some issues in Baudelaire an overview on the different visions of the term "crowd " in some works of different authors in the nineteenth century. The issue of crowd imposed by that time firmly in the literary works because of the social, cultural and economic that gave birth. Capitalism was instrumental in its formation , be relevant that the crowd was taken as a phenomenon which was spoken in the literature.

Benjamin starts talking Victor Hugo (France), as one who adapted better to the need to speak to the crowds. Hugo, in fact, addresses the crowd believing that these are necessary for the manifestation of a democracy . Gives a positive connotation to the concept. Friedrich Engels, for his part speaks of the consequences of capitalist accumulation model in English society: refers to a "brutal indifference " of millions of people passing through the streets of "locking indifferent" with which you handle the people involved in " private interests." The pace of pedestrians, says Benjamin, resulting in Engels a "moral response" that is unpleasant. It has an external look over the crowd. In the case of Charles Baudelaire the crowd is not indifferent, is intrinsic in his work although not described. Another author who is referred to Edgar Allan Poe in his story The man in the crowd , which lists descriptions different social types, such as "upper-class employees, which make London look" gloomy and confused. " Poe gives the mass of people uniformity in behavior, like automated, "seemed to think, just to break through the crowd."

can establish differences and parallels between the various authors in their representations of the crowd. For example Hugo sees it as something positive and enhances the figure of the crowd, different case with Engels that criticism. Both authors have a moral reaction to the crowd. Engels Relating to Poe, say the show threatening people give us.

Following the reading is present the figure of Parisian flaneur of Baudelaire's poetry to be contrasted with the man in the crowd and the man privacy. Among its features, the flaneur is at your own pace in the city (which is equated to the rate of sea), it lacks trouble. The atmosphere is that of the Parisian boulevards. Belongs to the crowd, but also has an external view. The flaneur is "in the middle of the two" types: the man in the crowd, which is manic and is part of the amorphous mass, and the man with privacy, which looks away from above, as being in a separate table. This man privacy is reflected in a text Theodor A. Hoffmann, "The window angle nephew," in which a subject looks from his room unable to succumb to the crowd so I would because it is paralyzed. From "above" is given to the "art of looking." Benjamin

mentioned various technological advances referring to the amendment that cause human conduct . "They have in common the fact replace a complex series of operations by a sudden movement." It mentions the phone, by lifting the receiver can catch up, the picture that just a "shot" can capture a share for an unlimited period of time. The word shock, appropriate term to describe the crowd as it is subject to continuous shocks and collisions. This is exemplified by the traffic, where these shocks occur on an ongoing basis to the inhabitant of a big city newspaper ads and the film (by rapid succession of images to be received in fragments of seconds). You could say that the shock is alienating , fragmented experience lose sight of the intake process .

Con esto en mente se puede relacionar los dos tipos de alienación que plantea Benjamín: la alienación a la que está sometida la multitud de las grandes ciudades y la alienación del obrero en la fábrica. “( … ) no es el trabajador quien utiliza la condición del trabajo, sino la condición del trabajo quien utiliza al trabajador ”, cita Karl Marx. Se ejemplifica con la cinta automática con la que trabajaba el obrero. El obrero se transforma en un autómata. Paralelamente se encuentra la multitud alienada, que se puede encontrar en el texto de Poe, donde se le atribuye una uniformidad de carácter , their passersby react to shocks, "When they were beaten greeted with exaggerated to those who had been hit."

can appreciate the analysis of Benjamin as a model of the urban crowd not unlike the current conditions of modern society. The parameters did not change and we can see how people are exposed to various shocks in the cities. It is a valuable text if you want to have a vision of what is and involves the crowd and city concepts .