System Recovery
then look at some ways to try to recover the system.
From GRUB boot menu.
When GRUB is loaded correctly window is shown in Figure 2.5.1.1.
Figure 2.5.1.1
In the bottom of this window, you indicate that you can type the keys and (to edit the startup order of the selected line) or c (to enter the GRUB environment). From this environment you can enter commands to try to repair the system (see Section 2.5.3 Recover GRUB from live CD).
If using a graphical menu, you can not type these commands. To access this menu, you should press the Esc key in the graphical menu.
Pressing the option key and with Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.20-16-generic selected, window displays Figure 2.5.1.2.
Figure 2.5.1.2
This window shows the lines that run the boot loader to boot. From this window, you can edit the selected line, enter the GRUB environment, add a new line, delete the selected line, reboot or return to the GRUB menu (window in Figure 2.5.1.1).
If, in the window of Figure 2.5.1.1, run the option Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.20-16-generic (recovery mode), the system checks some components and try to raise some services. If everything is correct, the window shown in Figure 2.5.1.3.
Figure 2.5.1.3
In this window, you can press the Ctrl-D to continue booting the system or enter the root password to log in text mode and you can enter operating system commands to repair the partition.
If, in the window of Figure 2.5.1.1, run the option Ubuntu, memtest86 +, the system performs a memory test.
If we installed a graphical menu for GRUB file after reboot, you should press the Esc key to access the window in Figure 2.5.1.1.
Restore GRUB menu after reboot.
Sometimes GRUB menu can not be loaded, the computer can not start and the system automatically enters the GRUB environment, presenting the prompt grub>. To load the GRUB menu from this environment, execute the command configfile / boot / grub / menu.lst.
Lost GRUB from a live CD.
When the GRUB boot loader not working properly, you can repair it by booting from the live CD installer. To do this, once on the desktop, open a Terminal and follow the following steps:
1.Create a directory to mount the system partition on your hard disk by running the command sudo mkdir / media/disk-2.
2.Consultar the device associated with the partition hard disk where Ubuntu is installed, running the command sudo fdisk-l.
3.Montar the partition in the directory created in step 1. To do this, run the command sudo mount / dev/sda1 / media/disk-2 (/ dev/sda1 is the device that has given us the command sudo fdisk-l executed at point 2.)
4.Editar menu.lst file to verify it is correct and amend if appropriate. To do this, run the command sudo gedit / media/disk-2/boot/grub/menu.lst.
5.Install GRUB, running the command sudo grub-install - root-directory = / media/disk-2 / dev / sda (/ media/disk-2 is the point where it has mounted the Ubuntu partition and / dev / sda is the hard disk which will install GRUB).
Another way to restore GRUB from a live CD is, once the system enter the GRUB environment, find the partition where Ubuntu is installed, position ourselves in this partition and install GRUB. The result of these operations are shown below (to enter the GRUB environment must run the command sudo grub):
grub> find / boot/grub/stage1
(hd0, 2)
grub> root (hd0 , 2)
grub> setup (hd0)
Checking if "/ boot/grub/stage1" exists ...
yes Checking if "/ boot/grub/stage2" exists ...
yes Checking if "/ boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5" exists ... yes Running
"Embed / boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5 (hd0 )"... 17 Sectors Are embedded.
succeeded Running "install / boot/grub/stage1 (hd0) (hd0) 1 +17 p (hd0, 2) / boot/grub/stage2
/ boot / grub / menu.lst" ...
succeeded Done.
grub>
The command find / boot/grub/stage1 (hd0, 2), find the partition you installed Ubuntu and returns (hd0, 2). The line root (hd0, 2) is positioned in the Ubuntu partition (note that this order includes the partition returned by the find command / boot/grub/stage1). The line setup (hd0) installs GRUB on the hard disk from which the computer starts.
Lost GRUB Super Grub Disk package. There
an application, called Super Grub Disk, which is used to boot the system from any partition installed on your computer system. The Official Site of Super Grub Disk is: http://geocities.com/supergrubdisk/. From this page, follow the links provided, we can download the necessary software to boot from a USB port, from a floppy disk or from a CD or DVD.
After downloading the software and prepared the medium from which to start your computer, you have to start the oden, accessing the main window of Super Grub Disk, and from this, the window in Figure 2.5.4.1 .
Figure 2.5.4.1
If, from this window, press the button -> (right arrow) to one of the first two options selected, the window shown in Figure 2.5.4.2.
Figure 2.5.4.2
In this window, select the desired language and displays information from Super Grub Disk. After reading the information window is shown in Figure 2.4.5.3.
Figure 2.5.4.3
In this window, if you press the button -> option to GNU / Linux selected, go to the window in Figure 2.5.4.4.
Figure 2.5.4.4
In this window, we can try repair boot Linux (by pressing the option Fix Boot of Gnu / Linux (GRUB)) and restart the computer if the repair is successful, or start the Linux partition (by pressing the Start options Gnu / Linux or Boot Gnu / Linux directly.) If we click the option GNU / Linux (Advanced) window is displayed in Figure 2.5.4.5.
Figure 2.5.4.5
From this window, you can try several options and boot repair.
If, in the window of Figure 2.5.4.3, select the Windows option, opens a window from which you can try to repair and start the system from Windows, similar to detailed GNU / Linux.
If, in the window of Figure 2.5.4.3, select the option Start & Tools window is shown in Figure 2.5.4.6.
Figure 2.5.4.6
From this window, you can perform several operations to try to boot the computer.
If, in the window of Figure 2.5.4.3, select the Advanced option, the window shown in Figure 2.5.4.7.
Figure 2.5.4.7
In this window, you can restore the Linux boot loaders (GRUB or LILO) and Windows. Special Start option allows us to swap hard disks, so that the disc 1 becomes the disc 2 and vice versa. The Settings option allows you to change options such as color, keyboard, etc. Miscellaneous option allows you to boot Linux from GRUB.
If, in the window of Figure 2.5.4.1, select the option GRUB => MBR &! LINUX! (1) AUTO, GRUB is installed in the MBR and loads the GRUB menu to boot.
If, in the window of Figure 2.5.4.1, select the option GRUB => MBR &! LINUX! (> = 2) MANUAL, will get to a window where we select the partition where GRUB and then install GRUB to the MBR and loads the GRUB menu to start the system.
If, in the window of Figure 2.5.4.1, select the options! LINUX! (1) AUTO o! LINUX! (> = 2) MANUAL, the system will boot from Linux, but will not install GRUB to the MBR.
If, in the window of Figure 2.5.4.1, select the option! WIN!, The system will boot from the partition where Windows is installed.
If, in the window of Figure 2.5.4.1, select the option to WIN -> MBR &! WIN!, The system will boot from the partition where Windows is installed and booting Windows will be installed in the MBR.
